Pros and Cons of the Electoral College free essay sample

A) What are the upsides and downsides of the Electoral College? An intriguing point to this conversation is that a significant number of the â€Å"pros† are contended by some to be inconveniences, and a large number of the â€Å"cons† are accepted to be the benefits of the framework by others. One might say that the Electoral College was made for an alternate time in this nation, yet by some level of fortune and premonition it is one of the staples of our administration today. An unmistakable advantage of the Electoral College hosts been the crushing of different gatherings, which thus hosts assisted with keeping up the two-get-together framework and Congress. The limiting of these different gatherings additionally demonstrates useful since ordinarily they would draw radical political lines that would be troublesome and could give more noteworthy capacity to littler gatherings. One more bit of leeway of the framework is that it powers possibility to stretch out their battling to all states, not simply the significant cities and populace focuses. We will compose a custom exposition test on Advantages and disadvantages of the Electoral College or then again any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page It could likewise be said that the Electoral College circulates the ability to the states, and powers possibility to consider the worries of something beyond the lobbyists and those in political noticeable quality. While there are some particular points of interest, there are additionally some negative angles to the Electoral College. What might be viewed as the greatest weakness to the Electoral College is that a president can be chosen for office without winning the lion's share vote. (As George Bush demonstrated in latest memory. ) This is huge in light of the fact that it is demonstrative of the way that specific states get more â€Å"votes per person† than different states. Likewise, in principle, the Electoral College powers possibility to spread their crusades all the more similarly as far as geology. Be that as it may, in all actuality this issue can become debatable if a few states are customarily â€Å"red† or â€Å"blue†, and the focal point of the crusades at that point goes to the â€Å"swing states†. Moreover, the Electoral College gives the chance to a political race to end in a tie. Numerous political experts accept that we are drawing nearer to seeing a tie, however it hasn’t occurred in quite a while. On the off chance that and when a tie happens, the decision would be then conceded to the House of Representatives. B) What are the significant worries about changing the Electoral College? There are numerous worries with changing the way wherein one of the best governments in history chooses the focal point for its pecking order. The trouble associated with changing the Constitution is one of the significant issues confronting the advocates of modification of the Electoral College. In the event that the Electoral College were to be disposed of, the crusades would concentrate principally on populace focuses, since their dollars put resources into these territories would restore the most votes. It could wind up looking like a stone visit, hitting the significant urban communities where the populace is most thickly thought. It would likewise expel the equalization set up among little and bigger states, the parity that the Electoral College gives. Some additionally believe that the disposal of the Electoral College could serve to additionally diagram the social contrasts between the gatherings, coming about in considerably progressively explicit topographical crusading. Different issues that could emerge incorporate numerous gatherings and presidential applicants. My genuine belief is that there could be some renewal to the Electoral College, yet it is an incredible framework that precisely speaks to the United States all in all.

Use of Promissory Estoppel in Business Contracts Essay

Utilization of Promissory Estoppel in Business Contracts - Essay Example Promissory Estoppels are extraordinary approaches to maintain a strategic distance from treacheries in the cases were typical contemplations can't be given. Anyway Promissory Estoppel has been brimming with logical inconsistencies since they were first referenced in Section 90 of Restatement of Contracts. They have summoned fluctuated feelings, for example, they denoted the passing of agreements or that agreement cases will presently be chosen just as torts. Promissory Estoppel is as yet a work in progress. In spite of the fact that Section 90 and 139 which are the premise of promissory Estoppel are brief however the different legal disputes and decisions have given new implications to these two segments. Promissory Estoppels is an approach to authorize an agreement with no thought (Farber and Matheson, 1985). An ordinary agreement comprises of three fundamental parts †an offer being made, the offer being acknowledged and a thought being given for the offer (Klass, 2010). For instance let us guess that organization A signs an agreement with organization B to gracefully 50 tons of rice for each month for $50/ton for a long time. In any case if the grain costs fall during the agreement time frame and B needs to renegotiate the cost to $40/ton then under the typical agreement law this should be possible in 2 different ways †either by giving a thought, for example, consenting to pay for the transportation expenses or consenting to purchase greater amount and by canceling the agreement and marking another agreement with new terms. Anyway Promissory Estoppels gives a substitute method of doing it with no thought or cancellation. Promissory Estoppels becomes effective when one of the gatherings has made a guarantee, the other party has depended on it considerably and when not implementing a guarantee will prompt gross unfairness to one of the gatherings. Therefore the three principle ideas of Promissory Estoppel are an unmistakable and positive guarantee, considerable dependence on that guarantee and unsuccessful labor of equity if guarantee is broken. The birthplace of the cutting edge idea of Promissory Estoppels can be found on account of Central London Property Trust Ltd versus High Tree House Ltd (Farber and Matheson, 1985). The case was in regards to raising the lease of a gathering of pads after the finish of the Second World War. The landowner had made a guarantee that he would take decreased lease from the inhabitants over the span of the war. Anyway when the war finished in 1945, he needed the first le ase to be reestablishes. For this situation the Judge Denning set out the principals of promissory estoppels by saying that a guarantee which is expected to be restricting is official to the extent it terms apply accurately. This paper examines the idea of promissory estoppels as applied in USA; the instances of business contracts where alleviation can be acknowledged under promissory estoppels and where the case for help is probably going to be dismissed by courts. Deal Theory of Consideration An agreement is an authoritative understanding between two gatherings and is the reason for any business exchange between the two gatherings. Agreements are the essence all things considered. A portion of the agreements are composed while other might be just oral or trust based. Before the idea of promissory estoppels was found, contracts depended exclusively on the deal hypothesis of thought (Feinman, 1984).According to this hypothesis; a guarantee is enforceable just on the off chance that it is bolstered by a thought which has been looked for or expected by the promisor in return for the guarantee made by him. The Bargain hypothesis likewise requires shared assent of the offer which implies that an unmistakable offer must be made and acknowledged by the other party for an agreement to be enforceable. On account of New Zealand Shipping co. Ltd versus AM Satterthwaite and co Ltd; Lord Wilberforce has plainly expressed that offer, acknowledgment and thought are prerequisites for an agreement to be substantial. These three elements should likewise be went with no error, distortion and coercion which can influence the

Finding IELTS Essay Samples Free Downloads

<h1>Finding IELTS Essay Samples Free Downloads</h1><p>Have you at any point took a stab at composing an IELTS exposition? All things considered, the most ideal approach to do it is utilizing IELTS article tests. The explanation for this is these are not intended to make a total unique bit of work for a test, but instead to assist you with considering and learn IELTS. This is on the grounds that a decent IELTS article test will really show you the correct way to deal with reading for the exam.</p><p></p><p>Once you've done your exploration on online IELTS papers, you're going to require a decent wellspring of English language aptitudes. For instance, numerous tests are considering your capability in the language. Also, the greater part of these tests will be considering your aptitudes when writing.</p><p></p><p>Obviously, in case you're a local English speaker who's read for quite a long time in this language, you'll ha ve a ton of points of interest regarding your understudy's odds at a test this way. In any case, in the event that you don't have this information, at that point you can utilize an article test so as to make a decent establishment of your composing skills.</p><p></p><p>When you utilize an exposition test as a reason for your English language abilities, you will be certain that you've learned enough about the syntax of the language to comprehend what the analyst is stating. What the inspector is searching for is the manner by which you communicate. Furthermore, how you communicate, yet additionally how you make your argument.</p><p></p><p>With the exposition tests, you'll get familiar with significantly increasingly about these parts of your own language abilities. Indeed, you'll discover that you don't have to compose articles or books or other composed pieces so as to pick up information on sentence structure. You can simply learn thr ough getting an IELTS article test. You'll simply have the option to grow your jargon in the language and have the option to make your own style. In light of this, you don't have to stress that you won't have any thoughts on the best way to compose IELTS. Simply get yourself an IELTS exposition test and begin pondering what this implies for your progress.</p><p></p><p>In end, I trust that this article has given you some thought on the most proficient method to begin utilizing IELTS. I'm sure that you're presently considerably more arranged to handle the test with certainty. On the off chance that you're willing to utilize these article tests, at that point feel free to give it a try!</p>

Essay Writing Outline - 3 Easy Tips

<h1>Essay Writing Outline - 3 Easy Tips</h1><p>An paper composing layout can be one of the most significant parts of composing an exposition, particularly for the individuals who are composing for school. In any case, since there are such huge numbers of things to consider when you are making a very much idea out article, you may wind up confused when attempting to think of a layout for your own thesis.</p><p></p><p>Some individuals don't understand that they need a composing diagram. As a rule, it is only a couple of significant things that will help them when composing and preparing their articles for accommodation. What's more, this can have the effect between composing an extraordinary article and one that isn't exactly satisfactory. So what should you search for in an outline?</p><p></p><p>First of all, attempt and avoid short layout groups. For example, simply push two or three sentences into a passage and consid er it daily. Or on the other hand you could even social gathering a little section, type in the data, at that point connect a hyperlink as far as possible of the article. The fact of the matter is, you don't have to invest a great deal of energy thinking of a blueprint, and you certainly don't have to invest a ton of time in one.</p><p></p><p>Secondly, in the event that you do require a diagram, don't make it excessively long. This can really be an issue for some individuals, since they will in general lose center as they come. What is significant is that your paper composing layout is brief and to the point yet not all that short that you will experience difficulty recalling it.</p><p></p><p>Finally, while a framework can make your composing stream, it won't really make it efficient. You need to maintain a strategic distance from such a large number of thoughts going around in your mind when composing. This will make it harder to foll ow, and not exclusively will you not recollect the composition, yet you will likewise likely fail to understand the situation on the off chance that you are under time pressure.</p><p></p><p>So how would you make a blueprint? Here are a few thoughts that you should seriously mull over. Perhaps you can even include your very own portion on the off chance that you have a smart thought. All things considered, you are having any kind of effect in your own essay.</p><p></p><p>The right approach to concoct a diagram is by following the tips given here. Try not to fall into the snare of sitting around idly contemplating your blueprint and doing it incorrectly. Follow this guide and make the blueprint you need without returning and alter the piece later.</p>

How Does a Term Paper Format Work?

<h1>How Does a Term Paper Format Work?</h1><p>Some understudies might be thinking about what school research project position is or whether there is one. So as to get this, it is imperative to know a tad about the point and how it functions in school.</p><p></p><p>A research paper position is basically a framework that utilizations kinds of text styles to design various sorts of papers and different archives. Research project, which is utilized in school, is an archive that is utilized to impart thoughts and have any kind of effect in class conversations. Understudies may have a few various types of papers to submit for a specific class or task. They may present an article, a proposition explanation, a reaction to a test or a report.</p><p></p><p>How do you approach picking a research paper group? This is actually quite difficult, however it isn't as hard as it might appear. Most projects permit you to pick how you nee d the content to be composed. Understudies can look over typewritten, cursive, or even designs. There are a few projects that have layouts that you can use to make your papers without any preparation and afterward print them out for individuals to peruse all alone computers.</p><p></p><p>The most ideal approach to find out about how a research paper design functions is to glance through a program that permits you to redo your paper. Ensure you become familiar with the entirety of the alternatives and textual styles that are accessible so you can redo your paper to make it precisely how you might want it. A few projects likewise give you the alternative to make glossaries for the entirety of the catchphrases utilized in your exposition. This will make it simpler for the creative cycle since you won't need to burrow through the word reference for a definition.</p><p></p><p>So since you know what a research paper group is, how can it work ? As expressed previously, you pick how you need the record to be composed. A few projects accompany layouts that you can use to make the configuration look decent, yet others permit you to totally structure the paper that you make. For most understudies, utilizing the layouts is ideal, as it spares time and makes the procedure much easier.</p><p></p><p>After you have composed the record and printed it out, the subsequent stage is to go over it cautiously and begin to verify whether there are any issues or spelling botches. Most research paper position projects will provoke you to address any blunders before you print the report. It isn't important to check each word, nonetheless, as the vast majority of the projects will give you the choice to glance through each one.</p><p></p><p>After you have investigated the paper, you would then be able to place it into the archive and print it out on the PC screen. You would then be able to dupl icate the content onto a bit of paper or work it out on paper before returning and altering it. On the off chance that you set aside the effort to alter the paper, you will find that it will have more engaging and discernible lines than when you composed it the first time.</p><p></p><p>Understanding how a research project position functions can assist you with being increasingly fruitful in school, and it will assist you with working quicker. You will have the option to chip away at the paper in your extra time with the goal that you can submit it before the cutoff time. Exploiting the various choices that are accessible can likewise make it simpler to complete a paper and complete it before the deadline.</p>

What Are Some Topics For A Paper About Stem Cell Research?

<h1>What Are Some Topics For A Paper About Stem Cell Research?</h1><p>When you are composing a paper about undeveloped cell inquire about, you should consider the theme altogether. A few points for a paper about undifferentiated cell research might be sudden and it is significant that you consider them cautiously. Considering the things that you might want to talk about in the paper, just as investigating the most suitable subjects for the paper, can help make your paper simpler to write.</p><p></p><p>Research on tissue culture is a significant piece of what are a few points for a paper about foundational microorganism examine. On the off chance that you pick a theme that is identified with this exploration, it is more outlandish that the point will be dubious. In the event that there is a worry with the system, you will have the option to make reference to it in the paper.</p><p></p><p>Since a great many people who wi ll peruse your paper will have enrolled in a class to study the theme, it is significant that you put your insight into your paper. You ought to underscore what you think about the point in your paper. Remember that if your composing aptitudes are feeble, it's anything but a smart thought to make a special effort to get familiar with the topic.</p><p></p><p>Your contention ought to be genuinely clear and ought to depend on realities. It is significant that you not rehash a contention that has just been made in another paper. Rather, utilize your own plans to make your point.</p><p></p><p>The first passage of your paper is a chance to present yourself. Try not to do old news without fail, in any case. Take a stab at something other than what's expected and give the peruser a superior thought of who you are as a person.</p><p></p><p>Even however you might be keen on what are a few subjects for a paper about undiff erentiated organism look into, it is a smart thought to set aside some effort to think about the sort of data that ought to be remembered for the paper. This will assist you with making your paper simpler to compose. You might need to incorporate a record and a bibliography.</p><p></p><p>Make sure that your paper incorporates the entirety of the realities that are applicable to the subject. There are a wide range of perspectives on the theme and it is significant that you remain quiet about yours. You should ensure that the peruser realizes that you are not utilizing your insight to help any side in the controversy.</p><p></p><p>What are a few points for a paper about undeveloped cell examine? This is the issue that you have to reply before you begin composing your paper. At the point when you are done, you will have the option to introduce your focuses plainly and this will help you later on when you choose to compose another paper ab out immature microorganism research.</p>

Analysing The Leadership Of Virgin Group Business Essay - Free Essay Example

In the past 20 years Richard Branson had extended his Virgin brand from one business of a magazine called student to distinct businesses like airline, trains, mobile phone, broadband, cola, bridal wear, financial services, retail chain, jeans, cars, and books. Branson started with a magazine with name of Student when he was 16 years age in January 1968. He was successful in selling its 50,000 copies at that time. (virgin, 2011) Later he quite the study and make it a fulltime job. In 1970 he started a mail-order company with name of Virgin that was name which now grow today in a big business empire. Virgin now a day is fast expanding business in world in many sectors from airline to broadband services. It is considered as worlds most respected and leading brand. Sir Richard Branson started what started in 1970 it is now a success empire of multi-businesses. It is dealing with 300 brands, more than 50000 employees and 11.5 Billion Pounds business currently. (virgin, 2011) In this study we are going to see how things are being managed at leadership levels by Richard Branson and his team for virgin group and how it is leading towards success of business. This report focuses on finding such theories, models of leadership that can be learned from virgin to put these for success of other organizations we will also find how Sir Richard Branson is dealing his own way to this group and how he is mak ing progress in his business. In this study we will see the progress made by Virgin and later we will make analysis of approach adopt by Virgin and other in same industry. We will also look at Sir Richard Branson leadership style and will try to find some suggestion of improvement for Virgin in future times at end of our study. Virgin Success Model Virgin under Sir Richard Branson claims that they are difference maker in the world. For that they are trying to innovation in their ways to get higher in competitive advantages and in their diversity. They introduce virgin as a brand that stands for quality, innovation, competitive challenge, fun and value for customers money. They have good research and analysis system that help them in starting anything new. They claim that they put same shoe of customers to walk on the street of purchasing and utilizing things before going into a start. (Bartholomeusz, 2011) They work as trend setter in the market rather than being just followers. They deeply focus on their competitors approach and then develop a strategy that comes with better results. They make sure they are adding some values to any brand. They focus on risk and rewards. They are very much selective and careful in appointing their staff and management team. They even for Human resources went into joint-ventures with other companies to get maximum inputs and knowledge from skilled market. They have diverse approach with diversity in their products and services with bunch of variety in it. They are very much concern about their market and ways into that market. All this is lead by Sir Richard Branson. The power of virgin is hiding with leadership style of Richard Branson who is good in his ways and style. His reputation, network, partners and management brought him to this level as it mentioned on their by company itself. They got rid of bureaucratic ways of management and replaced it with competent self motivated management that is capable of dealing with situation their selves most the times instead looking for directions upwards every time as it is in every bureaucratic structure. They work as team as family even within their businesses and within the group of this brand virgin. There are some time certain problems for that their system provides a solution based leadership and at the top is Rich ard himself working like a good skilled leader and manager. Everything they try is customer feedback based and makes right guidelines for them every time when they miss something. Here is list of business under this group (virgin, 2011) :- Virgin Atlantic Airways, hello Gorgeous Virgin Blue (airline with its name as Virgin Blue, Virgin America, V Australia) Virgin Holidays ( Virgin Holidays + Hip Hotels, Virgin Holidays Cruises, Virgin Limited Edition, Virgin Vacations, Blue Holidays) Lifestyle (Virgin Active UK) Virgin Wines (Australia) Virgin Active (Australia, Italia, Portugal, South Africa, Spain) Virgin Experience Days Virgin Racing Virgin Trophy Virgin Mobile (Australia, Canada, France, India, Qtels, South Africa, UK and USA) Virgin Media Virgin Produced Virgin Money ( UK, Australia, South Africa, Money Giving) Virgin Earth Challenge Virgin Green Fund Virgin Unite (NGO) Virgin Megastore (music and entertainment) Virgin R adio International Virgin Festivals We can see how diverse market virgin have to deal under leadership of Richard Branson. This kind of divers, spread and wide business required higher levels of leadership with commitments to deal with it effectively that Richard is doing over the years. Leadership in any Organization has some specific focal point on administrative leadership as whole in that organization and it tries to fill the gap of academic management theoretical study and its practical implication on bases of real life situations. Here we will find what kind of approaches, theories and models are in practice with in leadership concept in business world. There are numbers of models and theories in leadership study, here are some of these mentioned under (associates, 2011) :- Appreciative Inquiry Attributes of Management Excellence Attribution Theory Bases of Social Power Beyond Budgeting Centralization and Decentralization Change Approaches Change Behaviour Change Equation Change Management Change Phases Changing Organization Cultures Charismatic Leadership Coaching Competing Values Framework Contingency Theory Core Group Theory Crisis Management Cultural Dimensions Cultural Intelligence Culture Levels Dimensions of Change Dimensions of Relational Work Emotional Intelligence EPIC ADVISERS ERG Theory Expectancy Theory Five Disciplines Force Field Analysis Forget Borrow Learn Framing Functional Leadership Groupthink Growth Phases Hagberg Model of Personal Power Hierarchy of Needs Inspirational Leadership Instrumental Approach of Stakeholder Theory Intrinsic Stakeholder Commitment Leadership Continuum Leadership Pipeline Leadership Styles Leadership Styles Level 5 Leadership Leveraged Buy-out Levers of Control Management Buy-out Management by Objectives Managerial Grid Managing for Value Mento ring Moral Purpose Normative Approach of Stakeholder Theory OODA Loop Organizational Configurations Organization Chart PAEI management roles Parenting Advantage Parenting Styles Participative Leadership Path-Goal Performance Prism Portfolio Analysis POSDCORB Positive Deviance RACI (RASCI) Result Oriented Management Results-Based Leadership SECI model Servant-Leadership Seven Habits Seven Signs Of Ethical Collapse Seven Surprises Situational Leadership SMART Social Intelligence Spiral Dynamics Stakeholder Value Perspective Strategic Intent Strategic Stakeholder Management Hence we will look some good models and theories among all above for that we select three which are more comprehensive in their approach. Part One (a) 1: Theory of Needs by David McClelland The human motivation is comprises of three main needs: 1 need for achievement 2 need for power 3 need for affiliation. This theory of needs was given by American psychologist David McClelland based on work of Henry Murray that was done in 1938. In 1961 he stated that the motivation of an individual can result from three dominant needs: the Need for Achievement, Power and Affiliation. (Pattanayak, 2005) Every person wants to achieve certain goals in his or her life that are very important to that person in the life. Some time they look for success and positive feedback from others. They look to widen themselves and to avoid risks situations. They mostly try to avoid low-risk because they want to attained success easily. While in some high-risk projects all achievers look the outcome as chance not the as a result for their efforts. They love to work their selves alone or some time with some other person with high achievements. McClelland believes about these people that those are always the best leaders with some tendency of higher demands from their staff. They are result driven in their approach. They seek higher personal relations and look for acceptance from others. They also tend look same kind of norms from their work group. They struggle to create and maintain relationships with higher level of trust and good mutual understanding. They always prefer cooperation on competition. According to McClelland they perform in customer service and dealing clients very well. McClellands this concept is also take as Acquired Needs Theory, the Learned Needs Theory, and Three Needs Theory. 2: Management by Objectives: (SMART) by Drucker In this theory main focus is on defining main objectives for organisations employees and later directing their performance according to these objectives. Peter Drucker presents it in his work The practice of Management as Management by Objectives in 1954. (Hurd, 2008) Management by objectives relies on focusing and defining the objectives for every employee and making their performance according to these objectives. The major aim is to increase performance in the organization through matching organizations goals and employees goals. Employees are given main identity and acknowledgement in this system. Purpose is to involve evry one in the organisation rather than focusing and giving importance to top managers. This way all mangers start from their levels and they later contribute on top level in planning and implementations. Principles of MBO:- 1 flow of organizations goals and objectives 2 Specific objectives for every member 3 Participation in decision making 4 Explicit time period 5 timely performance evaluations with proper feedback. Management by Objectives is having a method for development called SMART method this SAMRT is taken from * Specific * Measurable * Achievable * Realistic And * Time-related. This method of checking MOB is effective to keep organisation and staff on right direction always. 3 Centralization and Decentralization By changing the ways of decision making at authority levels and by corresponding organizations structure effectively higher goals can be achieved. All organizations have to make many strategic and many of the operational decisions. The question is who makes these decisions and at what level. In normal bureaucratic structure decision are always made by top management. Thus this system holds the time and makes slow of process and sometimes delays the required decisions. This is called centralisation and in Decentralisations thing is decided at implementations level other than any change required in policy which is changed at top management levels this makes things done in swift way. (Pride, 2009)Thus Centralization is process of transferring and passing on decision making authority at higher levels of hierarchy in organization. In a centralized organization decision are made at higher levels. Most the knowledge and information about organisation lie at top levels and are sha red according o need at lower level. Decentralization, is process of transferring and passing on decision making authority at levels of hierarchy in organisation. In a decentralized organization decision are made at lower levels and they are informed to higher levels for records. Most the knowledge and information about organisation lie at lower levels and are shared according to need at top level also direction are taken when those are required. Part one (b) Implementation of models at Virgin and others Branson believed in the best communication through setting an example by the leadership. Staffs need to have a role model whom they can follow. Branson being a reel from traditional management structure and systems adopted a diverse approach that compromising all three models mentioned in our study previously. We will look into these at virgin by Branson and at other businesses in same industry like Sir Terry Leahy ways in managing of Tesco and Keith Rupert Murdoch of sky group one by one. Theory of Needs As mentioned above this theory is based on three main needs of need for achievement, need for power and need for affiliation. Richard Branson as young man was searching for all these and thus he focused on achieving these targets as soon as possible. For that purpose he started his magazine student. With early sales he generated lots of business and set virgin company. Later years he expanded it in diverse business, looking for these set targets of needs. He also made his company according to this principal of human needs and set a trusted mechanism for every employee in virgin business. As mentioned by David McClelland he creates a higher level of the motivation for an individual in his organisation to bring results from the satisfaction of these three dominant needs: the Need for Achievement, Power and Affiliation. He knows well that every person wants to achieve certain goals in his or her life that those are very important to them. That also need support from organisation to give room to everyone to show capabilities and get rewards, thats what virgin follows as a strategy in their businesses. He like McClelland believes that people have great capabilities if they are given proper training and chance to put their efforts in it. That is resin virgin have this kind of set up that supports these basics. On other hand if we see the TESCO and Sky they have different approach their business than what Richard brought to Virgin. (Telegraph, 2011) They have more tight control over things their corporate ways are not fit into need based theory but they have adopted some other ways to groom their corporate business. That reason that TESCO and Sky look more tight business in their terms and they sometime re hit by losses. When staff dont feels part of being into teams and they feel just as working brains and hands unlike the people who work at Virgin who look the Virgin as their life part due to its benefits that it is giving to them. 2: Management by Objectives At virgin this model is followed completely as organisation focuses on its objectives and makes employees get their targets set accordingly. They have to adjust things both way first company tries to accommodate employees objective and makes such corporate strategy that helps staff in achievement of their objective s and policies are supportive to employees in their growth. While employees are also expected to go with the broader objective s of company and be loyal to the company objective. It is in many studies that virgin having higher level of such loyalty from staff. Virgin ensures that there is enough support for employees identity and acknowledgement in their system. Purpose is to involve everyone in the organisation rather than focusing and giving importance to top managers. This way all mangers start from their levels and they later contribute on top level in planning and implementations. Virgin follows all principles of MBO like flow of organizations goals and object ives at all levels is ensured, there is set of specific objectives for every member, there is higher level of participation in decision making by staff, There is certain time span for targets and everything is based on time and feedbacks. Virgin also makes policies and targets based on SMART approach. Making all targets and objectives Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Time-related. If we compare this with TESCO and Sky they also have this approach in their business and they try to keep them on this way of management by objectives. (mandmgloba, 2011) All three companies are doing well on it but it is fact that the way Virgin is following this rule is different from others two and they are doing remrably well in their performance compare to others two. Other two have huge investments supports but still if we compare the returns over investments Virgin is making ahead. While this approach of Management by objective is adopted by all these mega businesses in their st rategy of dealing things in their business. 3 Centralization and Decentralization There is beautiful balance of centralisation and decentralisation at Virgins Group this was attained through by changing their ways of decision making at authority levels and by corresponding organizations structure effectively higher goals can be achieved. All decisions are made according to need and capacities. There is more freedom at lower levels in Virgin as Virgin leadership believes in human potential. Thus they avoid unnecessary delays in decision at implementation levels. On the other hand the concept of centralisation in TESCO (Hiscott, 2010) and at Sky is more tight than Virgin. Their decentralisation approach is some time affected by the ways of decentralisation for short times. They were failing to develop such kind of trust over their managers that the staffs of Virgin enjoy. The team building and degree of freedom for performance according to your skills is very high at Virgins comparing to TESCO and Sky. Both are facing good competition in their related product and services with Virgins. As three of them are into media, mobile industry and service providing in different sectors. Part Two Sir Richard Branson leadership style. If we deeply study the style of Mr Branson he is a dynamic leader that always looks higher towards major goals in life. For that he adopts couple methods like Theory of needs, MOB and balanced centralisation and decentralisation. He more focuses on brand value of his company. He has very simple ways of living, he believes in enjoying life and sharing it with others. He is man of his own choices he choose what he liked instead of looking into his background on that business and he made success. He always bucking his team on different occasions as he wants them feels that he is with them in all matters. He has developed a culture at Virgins that cannot be found in many organisations. All employees of Virgin are invited to show and perform their capabilities. He is innovative person with many qualities of leadership in business that reason his company is expanding over the years. HE has invested his own rule for all this and put all his efforts as success that way. He is able to id entify many hurdles and made much better than his compotators. He has given his employees great independence in work as he also welcomed them for fast promotions over the time. He has idea that anyone can took over the top in his company if they show such kind of commitments. Virgins all success in days of 1970s and 1980s is result of Bransons unusual way and management style that was corner stone on all this business and his corporate norms were different form the system that was existing at that time. He stopped wearing traditional businessmen suit and tie instead he use to wear a sweater and slacks. He uses technologies effectively compare to other and enjoy his holidays and dealing everything on phone, fax and internet. He gives his subordinates more freedom to work their tasks. He believes everyone wants to deal with top person so he provides his managers to deal with him directly. He gives his staff high performance incentives and he relies on his team. He also adopted a te chnique through which he have divided his company tasks into multi unit operations. His companies are connected with each other very well and some time supports each other. Most important is that he always encouraged to his employees go and do some innovation and take more risks instead of being in fear with failure risks. He is famous for his risk taking ability and habit. He normally emphasise on the importance that a service should bring for customers for the value of their money. He is skilled with troubleshooting and making new projects. His motto is to create such companies only in which he himself believes. Part Three Proposals for development Virgin group have their own ways of developing people it is the best way for them to carry things as Mr Branson himself was doing. As he can himself aware fully that every individual unlike his educational background have such capabilities that can make businesses grow remarkably. There should be a system of skill promotion based on theory of needs for the staff. It should more focus on hidden capabilities of people who are working in Virgin and those are trying to attain higher professional success though their hidden skills. There should be culture of responsibility in the company where people do feel their own responsibility instead of every time supervisors are making them to perform their duty. This thing can be brought when people feel trust by the supervisors to make decisions and do things on their own within certain limited that is secure. The group is already doing well by providing people innovative ways to show their skills while they are working with the company. Th ere should be continue system of need based development and a balanced central and de-central approach. Things for Virgin unlike other business are very much bright as they have diversity if businesses. As Branson believed in aligning his company HR department with the values of company he is more conscious about his brand value. He also makes smart decisions when picking people for any task as if they have same bend of mind that is company value it would be easier for them to do best in their job. Virgin has a diverse approach so they dont have any set traits for any person to become employee at Virgins. However they use to select people who are ready to take responsibility in their own and can work hard. Main focus they always have is aligning with customers need and wants. Thus company has created its value in the business and market and made his brand as symbol of success and trust.